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Sunday, 25 October

JEE Main · Physics · Thermodynamics

Heat Engines and Refrigerators: JEE Main previous year questions

22 questions in the 108 JEE Main shifts Lumi analysed, in 4 of 8 years. Pattern: Gone quiet. 0 came in 2024–26. Here is how it is asked and which ideas come back.

Questions
22
in 22 of 108 shifts
Years asked
4/8
last asked 2023
Since 2024
Quiet
0 questions in 2024–26
Weighted estimate
–
history: 0.1 a shift on average, typically 0.0–0.3

Key findings

  1. 01

    Asked in 4 of 8 years with analysed shifts and in 22 of 108 shifts: 22 questions, #135 of 196 topics. Last asked in 2023.

  2. 02

    64% of its questions since 2020 tested an idea no earlier year had asked; 8 repeated an idea from the year before.

  3. 03

    The most repeated idea is Carnot Efficiency Limit, asked 15 times in 15 shifts (2021, 2022, 2023), most often as “sink temperature from efficiency”.

  4. 04

    JEE Main has asked 8 of the 56 ideas in this topic; 46 have never been asked, directly or inside another question.

  5. 05

    Mostly asked as single correct (64%); 27% need a numerical answer, 64% are easy and 0% hard. It went down from 0.2 to 0.0 questions a shift since 2024.

  6. 06

    The skill tested most is calculation (77%), then multi-step (14%).

Questions a shift, year by year

Out of the 25 Physics questions in a shift. Years differ in how many shifts Lumi analysed, so each year is scaled to one shift.

00.250.50’170.3’200.3’210.3’220.1’230’240’250’26

Raw count: 2017: 0 in 1 shift · 2020: 4 in 12 shifts · 2021: 8 in 24 shifts · 2022: 8 in 24 shifts · 2023: 2 in 12 shifts · 2024: 0 in 18 shifts · 2025: 0 in 8 shifts · 2026: 0 in 9 shifts.

Up to 2023
0.2
a shift, of 25
Since 2024
0.0
-0.2
Usual gap
1.0 yrs
between years asking it
Shifts with it
22/108
20% of analysed shifts

How it is asked

Difficulty, format and skill

Across all 22 questions on Heat Engines and Refrigerators since 2017.

Difficulty

QUESTIONS
148
  • Easy14 · 64%
  • Medium8 · 36%
  • Hard0 · 0%

Format

SHARE
  • Single correct · 14 Q64%
  • Numerical value · 6 Q27%
  • Other · 1 Q5%
  • Diagram based · 1 Q5%

Skill tested

SHARE
  • Calculation · 17 Q77%
  • Multi-step · 3 Q14%
  • Conceptual · 2 Q9%

Repeats

New idea, or one asked before?

Each column is a year. Blue questions tested an idea no earlier year had asked; navy ones went back to an idea from an earlier year. 2017 is the first year, so everything in it counts as new. Heights are question counts, and Lumi analysed 1 to 24 shifts a year, so compare the split inside a column rather than heights across years.

4
8
8
2
’17’20’21’22’23’24’25’26
  • Idea asked for the first time
  • Idea asked in an earlier year

Coverage of the topic

JEE Main has asked 8 of the 56 ideas in this topic. 46 have never been asked yet.

846
  • Asked directly8 · 14%
  • Touched inside another question2 · 4%
  • Never asked46 · 82%

Ideas come from Lumi’s JEE syllabus map. A never-asked idea is not a safe skip: across all of JEE Main, 22% of questions since 2024 tested an idea no earlier year had asked.

Drill down

Idea, year, question

Every idea JEE Main tested in this topic, with its eight years. Open one to read the questions.

  • OpenRepeated15 · 68%762
    • 8 Apr ’23 S2 · Q34
      Work done by a Carnot engine operating between temperatures 127∘127^\circC and 27∘27^\circC is 2 kJ. The amount of heat transferred to the…

      easySingle correctAsked the year before

    • 12 Apr ’23 S1 · Q38
      An engine operating between the boiling and freezing points of water will have A. efficiency more than 27%. B. efficiency less than the…

      mediumOtherAsked the year before

    • 25 Jul ’22 S2 · Q45
      Let η1\eta_1 is the efficiency of an engine at T1\mathrm{T_1} = 447°C and T2\mathrm{T_2} = 147°C while η2\eta_2 is the efficiency at…

      easySingle correctAsked the year before

    • 28 Jul ’22 S1 · Q37
      A Carnot engine has efficiency of 50%. If the temperature of sink is reduced by 40∘40^\circC, its efficiency increases by 30%. The…

      mediumSingle correctAsked the year before

    • 30 Jul ’22 S2 · Q7
      A Carnot engine is operating between the two reservoirs of temperature 227 ∘^\circC and 127 ∘^\circC respectively. If the engine…

      easySingle correctAsked the year before

    • 24 Jun ’22 S1 · Q47
      A Carnot engine whose heat sinks at 27∘27^\circC, has an efficiency of 25%. By how many degrees should the temperature of the source be…

      mediumSingle correctAsked the year before

    • 24 Jun ’22 S2 · Q35
      A Carnot engine takes 5000 kcal of heat from a reservoir at 727∘C727^{\circ}C and gives heat to a sink at 127∘C127^{\circ}C. The work done by…

      easySingle correctAsked the year before

    • 26 Jun ’22 S1 · Q37
      The efficiency of a Carnot's engine, working between steam point and ice point, will be :

      easySingle correctAsked the year before

    • 3 Aug ’21 S1 · Q5
      A carnot engine working at source temperature 400 KK, takes 500 JJ heat from the source and rejects 300 JJ to sink. What is the…

      easySingle correctNew idea

    • 27 Aug ’21 S2 · Q26
      A heat engine operates between a cold reservoir at temperature T2=400T_2=400 K and a hot reservoir at temperature T1T_1. It takes 300 J of…

      easyNumerical valueNew idea

    • 31 Aug ’21 S1 · Q15
      A reversible engine has an efficiency of 14\frac{1}{4}. If the temperature of the sink is reduced by 58∘58^\circC, its efficiency becomes…

      mediumSingle correctNew idea

    • 25 Feb ’21 S2 · Q25
      A reversible heat engine converts one-fourth of the heat input into work. When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 52 K, its…

      mediumNumerical valueNew idea

    • 25 Jul ’21 S2 · Q9
      A heat engine has an efficiency of 16\frac{1}{6}. When the temperature of sink is reduced by 62°C, its efficiency get doubled. The…

      mediumSingle correctNew idea

    • 16 Mar ’21 S2 · Q26
      For an ideal heat engine, the temperature of the source is 127∘127^\circC. In order to have 60% efficiency the temperature of the sink…

      easyNumerical valueNew idea

    • 17 Mar ’21 S1 · Q3
      A Carnot's engine working between 400 K and 800 K has a work output of 1200 J per cycle. The amount of heat energy supplied to the engine…

      easySingle correctNew idea

  • Open1 · 5%
  • Open1 · 5%
  • Open1 · 5%
  • Open1 · 5%
  • Open1 · 5%
  • Open1 · 5%
  • Open1 · 5%

Squares are the 8 years with analysed shifts, 2017 to 2026. A number is the questions that year when there is more than one; the shade is scaled to one shift, so a year with more analysed shifts (1 to 24 a year) does not look darker. Share is of the level above.

Ideas

Every idea inside this topic

8 different ideas were tested; 1 came more than once.

Times and shifts count every analysed shift. Across JEE Main, 78% of questions since 2024 went back to an idea an earlier year had asked; the rest were new. All repeated ideas

Every question

Heat Engines and Refrigerators questions, year by year

The opening words of each question as it appeared in the official paper, with the idea it tested. Open one for its options and the official answer.

JEE Main 20228 questions in 8 shifts

JEE Main 20218 questions in 8 shifts

JEE Main 20204 questions in 4 shifts

Questions from the official JEE Main Paper 1 shifts published by NTA (CBSE for 2017). Questions NTA dropped are left out. Topic and idea tags, counts and notes are Lumi’s.